Which atomic particles give reactivity to an element? Which atomic particle gives stability to an element? Which elements are required by living organisms and of those which are the most abundant in all living organisms? What do we call the volume of space within which an electron is likely to be found? What is the orbital filling arrangement of chlorine? Name and describe all the chemical bonds we talked about. List them in order of strength. Describe polar bonds. What are polar molecules, compare them with non-polar molecules. What is a solution compare this with a suspension. Describe hydrophilic, hydrophobic and amphiphillic molecules. On what is the pH scale based? What is the formula for pH? What is the pH of 10M HCl, what is the pH of 0.1 HCl? What is the [H^+] of a solution with a pH of 6? On the scale in our slides what substance is the most basic and which is the most acidic? What is the difference between organic and inorganic chemicals? Name the macromolecules? What is the atomic orbital configuration in an unexcited atom of carbon? What is the atomic orbital configuration of the carbon molecule in a carbon-carbon single bond? What is the atomic orbital configuration of the carbon molecule in a carbon-carbon double bond? Name the hybridization of the carbon a carbon-carbon double bond, draw a carbon-carbon double bond and label the parts. What are the cellular functions of proteins? What are the building blocks of proteins, what is the name of the bonds that hold the building blocks together? What is the alpha carbon in an amino acid? Draw the structure of a representative amino acid. How many amino acids are there in living organisms and how do they differ. What are the characteristic R groups and how many amino acids are in each group What are the levels of protein structure? Where will the hydrophobic amino acids be found in the secondary and tertiary structures of proteins? What is the determinant of a protein’s structure? What are all the possible bonds that contribute to protein structure? What are carbohydrates and what is their general formula? What are the functions of carbohydrates? What are the building blocks of carbohydrates and what are the bonds that hold them together? Name two molecular differences between starch and cellulose? Where do we find starch and cellulose?
