Which of the following is true for the ancient greek view of
ontogeny (the development of an individual over its lifetime),
which was later developed as the concept of scala naturae (the
“great chain of being”) in the European natural sciences?

a) The ancient Greeks argued that the ontogeny of an individual
was built up from simple traits early in development to more
complex traits later in the developmental process.

b) The ancient Greeks did not see a parallel between this scale
of nature – which involves the relationships between species – and
the developmental stages of organisms.

c) Greek philosophers noted that all life, at all scales, is the
process that moves from complex to simple.

d) Greek philosophers classified species from “highest” to
“lowest,” with humans at the bottom.